
Author: Ano Sensei
Format: Video Playlist
Subject Matter: aspect, auxiliary verbs, continuous, future perfect, past perfect, present perfect, simple, tense
🧑🎓Will have done / have done / had done: what's the difference? One simple story makes it clear 👀
In this video I use a single story ...to explain all three perfect tenses — past, present and future — and show you exactly when and why we use them instead of ordinary past, present and future tenses.
By the end you'll understand the difference between sentences like these:
'The wheels have been replaced' (present perfect)
'The wheels had been replaced' (past perfect)
'The wheels will have been replaced' (future perfect)
And you'll have a good grasp on why each one is the right choice in its context.
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🧑🎓Will have done / have done / had done: what's the difference? One simple story makes it clear 👀
Do you find the perfect tenses confusing? You're not alone — but ...
Do you find the perfect tenses confusing? You're not alone — but they're simpler than you think once you understand the underlying logic.
In this video I use a single story ...to explain all three perfect tenses — past, present and future — and show you exactly when and why we use them instead of ordinary past, present and future tenses.
By the end you'll understand the difference between sentences like these:
'The wheels have been replaced' (present perfect)
'The wheels had been replaced' (past perfect)
'The wheels will have been replaced' (future perfect)
And you'll have a good grasp on why each one is the right choice in its context.
© All rights reservedShow More
In this video I use a single story ...to explain all three perfect tenses — past, present and future — and show you exactly when and why we use them instead of ordinary past, present and future tenses.
By the end you'll understand the difference between sentences like these:
'The wheels have been replaced' (present perfect)
'The wheels had been replaced' (past perfect)
'The wheels will have been replaced' (future perfect)
And you'll have a good grasp on why each one is the right choice in its context.
© All rights reservedShow More

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🧑🎓I've had lunch, but I'm still hungry! What textbooks get wrong about the present perfect tense 👀
Have you ever been told that 'I've had lunch' means you're not hungry ...
Have you ever been told that 'I've had lunch' means you're not hungry any more? That's one of the many misleading explanations you'll often find in English textbooks. In this ...video I explain the real difference between the present perfect and the past simple — and why it's simpler than most textbooks make it seem.
This is Part One of a short series comparing the present perfect with the past simple:
Part One: Past event, present effect (this video)
Part Two: Negative situations https://youtu.be/o5rKTe__Tng
Part Three: Ongoing situations"
Complete perfect forms of the verb playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzVb6yL_jY6_x_BlR_i4UjiW6DB1XRPM_
Subscribe to the "Ano sensei" English language playlist for more useful tips about learning English: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kooSTIMNYrg&list=PLzVb6yL_jY6_y40eAlbaPEQ2Yq7eoA2HB
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This is Part One of a short series comparing the present perfect with the past simple:
Part One: Past event, present effect (this video)
Part Two: Negative situations https://youtu.be/o5rKTe__Tng
Part Three: Ongoing situations"
Complete perfect forms of the verb playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzVb6yL_jY6_x_BlR_i4UjiW6DB1XRPM_
Subscribe to the "Ano sensei" English language playlist for more useful tips about learning English: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kooSTIMNYrg&list=PLzVb6yL_jY6_y40eAlbaPEQ2Yq7eoA2HB
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🧑🎓 I didn't do my homework' vs 'I haven't done my homework' — is there a difference? 👀
"Is there a difference between 'I didn't do my homework' and 'I ...
"Is there a difference between 'I didn't do my homework' and 'I haven't done my homework'? Many learners think these mean the same thing — but they don't.
In this second ...video in my present perfect series, I show how the present perfect carries an implied future meaning that the past simple doesn't. When Zane says 'I haven't done my homework', he's suggesting he still might do it. When he says 'I didn't do my homework', that possibility feels closed.
This subtle difference matters in everyday English — and once you see it, you'll notice it everywhere.
This is Part Two of a short series comparing the present perfect with the past simple:
Part One: Past event, present effect https://youtu.be/NUt03lajq30
Part Two: Negative situations (this video) https://youtu.be/o5rKTe__Tng
Part Three: Ongoing situations"
Complete perfect forms of the verb playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzVb6yL_jY6_x_BlR_i4UjiW6DB1XRPM_
Subscribe to the "Ano sensei" English language playlist for more useful tips about learning English: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kooSTIMNYrg&list=PLzVb6yL_jY6_y40eAlbaPEQ2Yq7eoA2HB
© All rights reservedShow More
In this second ...video in my present perfect series, I show how the present perfect carries an implied future meaning that the past simple doesn't. When Zane says 'I haven't done my homework', he's suggesting he still might do it. When he says 'I didn't do my homework', that possibility feels closed.
This subtle difference matters in everyday English — and once you see it, you'll notice it everywhere.
This is Part Two of a short series comparing the present perfect with the past simple:
Part One: Past event, present effect https://youtu.be/NUt03lajq30
Part Two: Negative situations (this video) https://youtu.be/o5rKTe__Tng
Part Three: Ongoing situations"
Complete perfect forms of the verb playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzVb6yL_jY6_x_BlR_i4UjiW6DB1XRPM_
Subscribe to the "Ano sensei" English language playlist for more useful tips about learning English: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kooSTIMNYrg&list=PLzVb6yL_jY6_y40eAlbaPEQ2Yq7eoA2HB
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🧑🎓 "I've lived in France for ten years" — but he's in South Africa! Present perfect explained 👀
ENGLISH GRAMMAR: VERB TENSE. This is the third video in a short series ...
ENGLISH GRAMMAR: VERB TENSE. This is the third video in a short series comparing and contrasting the present perfect tense with the past simple tense.
In this video I look at ...situations which continued in the past, but have finished now, and situations which began in the past and still continue. For a detailed explanation of the difference between "have lived" and "have been living", check here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZZvHkDYbNh8
This is Part Three of a short series comparing the present perfect with the past simple:
Part One: Past event, present effect https://youtu.be/NUt03lajq30
Part Two: Negative situations https://youtu.be/o5rKTe__Tng
Part Three: Ongoing situations (this video)
Complete perfect forms of the verb playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzVb6yL_jY6_x_BlR_i4UjiW6DB1XRPM_
Subscribe to the "Ano sensei" English language playlist for more useful tips about learning English: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kooSTIMNYrg&list=PLzVb6yL_jY6_y40eAlbaPEQ2Yq7eoA2HB
© All rights reservedShow More
In this video I look at ...situations which continued in the past, but have finished now, and situations which began in the past and still continue. For a detailed explanation of the difference between "have lived" and "have been living", check here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZZvHkDYbNh8
This is Part Three of a short series comparing the present perfect with the past simple:
Part One: Past event, present effect https://youtu.be/NUt03lajq30
Part Two: Negative situations https://youtu.be/o5rKTe__Tng
Part Three: Ongoing situations (this video)
Complete perfect forms of the verb playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzVb6yL_jY6_x_BlR_i4UjiW6DB1XRPM_
Subscribe to the "Ano sensei" English language playlist for more useful tips about learning English: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kooSTIMNYrg&list=PLzVb6yL_jY6_y40eAlbaPEQ2Yq7eoA2HB
© All rights reservedShow More

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🧑🎓 Language game: PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE / CONTINUOUS. Multilingual captions / subtitles 👀
The actual interactive game is currently unavailable while I am ...
The actual interactive game is currently unavailable while I am working on my website. I will try to have it up and running again as soon as possible.
This is a ...video of a language game to test your knowledge of the present perfect simple and present perfect continuous in English.
If you would like subtitles in a different language, please contact me and I will add it.
© All rights reservedShow More
This is a ...video of a language game to test your knowledge of the present perfect simple and present perfect continuous in English.
If you would like subtitles in a different language, please contact me and I will add it.
© All rights reservedShow More

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🧑🎓'It hasn't rained for a week' or 'it hasn't been raining for a week'? Both? ENGLISH IN CONTEXT 👀
"It hasn't rained for a week" — or "It hasn't been raining for a ...
"It hasn't rained for a week" — or "It hasn't been raining for a week"? Most learners assume one must be wrong. In fact, both are grammatically correct. But they ...mean different things, and knowing which to use depends entirely on context.
In this video I look at present perfect simple and present perfect continuous in negative sentences — and at why the negative form doesn't always mirror the positive in the way you'd expect. After a week of rain we say "it's been raining for a week". But after a week of no rain, we don't say "it hasn't been raining" — we say "it hasn't rained". The reason is subtle but important: we want to say there was no rain at all, not that the rain failed to last a whole week.
It's exactly the kind of distinction that good grammar teaching should explain — and that many textbooks leave out entirely.
What this video covers:
Present perfect simple vs continuous in negative sentences
Why "it hasn't rained" is the natural choice after a week of no rain
The context in which "it hasn't been raining for a week" is correct
Why negative sentences don't always work as the simple opposite of positive ones
What this tells us about grammar in context
I'm John R. Yamamoto-Wilson — formerly Professor of English Literature at Sophia University, Tokyo, with a PhD from the University of Cambridge. These videos are aimed at intermediate learners of English, and at the teachers who work with them. 📌 Part of the English in Context series — intermediate grammar points that textbooks often explain poorly or get wrong. Click here for the complete series: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzVb6yL_jY6_sKngAN_gYB8w-KC20AGP4
© All rights reservedShow More
In this video I look at present perfect simple and present perfect continuous in negative sentences — and at why the negative form doesn't always mirror the positive in the way you'd expect. After a week of rain we say "it's been raining for a week". But after a week of no rain, we don't say "it hasn't been raining" — we say "it hasn't rained". The reason is subtle but important: we want to say there was no rain at all, not that the rain failed to last a whole week.
It's exactly the kind of distinction that good grammar teaching should explain — and that many textbooks leave out entirely.
What this video covers:
Present perfect simple vs continuous in negative sentences
Why "it hasn't rained" is the natural choice after a week of no rain
The context in which "it hasn't been raining for a week" is correct
Why negative sentences don't always work as the simple opposite of positive ones
What this tells us about grammar in context
I'm John R. Yamamoto-Wilson — formerly Professor of English Literature at Sophia University, Tokyo, with a PhD from the University of Cambridge. These videos are aimed at intermediate learners of English, and at the teachers who work with them. 📌 Part of the English in Context series — intermediate grammar points that textbooks often explain poorly or get wrong. Click here for the complete series: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzVb6yL_jY6_sKngAN_gYB8w-KC20AGP4
© All rights reservedShow More

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🧑🎓SPOTLIGHT ON ENGLISH Present perfect continuous/present perfect simple I HAVE LIVED/BEEN LIVING👀
If you just want the easy answer, don't come to me! Only come to me if ...
If you just want the easy answer, don't come to me! Only come to me if you want the right answer! Did you know that teachers and textbooks often get ...this wrong? This video will clear up any confusion and give you a clear explanation of how we use the present perfect simple and present perfect continuous forms of the verb.
Support Ano sensei: Do you want "Ano sensei!" to keep on making videos like this? And get sneak previews, premium content and priority replies to your questions and comments into the bargain? Take out a channel membership (click "Join") or join me on Patreon (https://www.patreon.com/ano_sensei)!
0:00 Introduction
0:10 The basic difference between present perfect simple and continuous
1:30 Stative verbs ("know", "like", "seem", etc.)
2:53 Verbs like "live", "work" and "study"
3:29 The mistake a lot of textbooks make
4:19 Native speaker usage as seen in a Google search
6:04 A better explanation
6:54 "Live" as an activity
7:47 "Live" as an action
8:34 Find out more
8:58 That's all!
Textbook and online explanations of the difference between, for example, "I have lived in Paris" and "I have been living in Paris" are very often incomplete or just plain wrong! This video leads you through the basic uses of the present perfect simple and continuous with action verbs and stative verbs and then goes on to look at verbs like "live", "work" and "study" in detail.
Follow the "Spotlight on English" playlist here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZZvHkDYbNh8&list=PLzVb6yL_jY6-h9u2k0W6ylDih3m0bbPAo
Perfect aspect playlist: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5qOixhRm_J4&list=PLzVb6yL_jY6_x_BlR_i4UjiW6DB1XRPM_
The "Ano sensei!" website: https://educationalhub.org/anosensei/
If your language is not listed in the subtitles, please let me know and I will add it.
© All rights reserved
Translated titles:
ENFOQUE EN INGLÉS: Presente perfecto: HE VIVIDO / ESTADO VIVIENDO. ¡La explicación correcta!
SPOTLIGHT ON ENGLISH: Perfekt präsentieren: Ich habe gelebt / gelebt. Die richtige Erklärung!
PLEINS FEUX SUR L'ANGLAIS: Présent parfait: J'AI VÉCU / ÉTÉ VIVANT. La bonne explication!
EM INGLÊS: Presente perfeito: EU VIVI / ESTOU VIVENDO. A explicação correta!
تسليط الضوء على اللغة الإنجليزية: المضارع التام: لقد عش
聚焦英语:完美的礼物:我过着生活/过着生活。正确的解释!
聚焦英語:完美的禮物:我過著生活/過著生活。正確的解釋!
RIFLETTORI SULL'INGLESE: Presente perfetto: HO VISSUTO / STATO VIVENDO. La spiegazione corretta!
英語のスポットライト:現在完了形:私は生きている/生きている。正しい
ПРОЦЕСС НА АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ: Настоящее время идеально
Subtítulos 字幕 Imibhalo engezansi 字幕 phụ đề سب ٹائٹلز Altyazılar คำบรรยาย ఉపశీర్షికలు வசன வரிகள் Субтитры Legendas Napisy na filmie obcojęzycznym ਉਪਸਿਰਲੇਖ उपशीर्षके Sari kata 자막 ಉಪಶೀರ್ಷಿಕೆಗಳು Sottotitoli Mga Subtitle Subtitles उपशीर्षक સબટાઈટલ Sous-titres زیرنویس Υπότιτλοι Untertitel সাবটাইটেল ترجمات التسميات التوضيحية ক্যাপশন Bildunterschriften λεζάντες زیرنویس ها Mga Caption captions legends કૅપ્શન્સ
कैप्शन keterangan didascalie ಶೀರ್ಷಿಕೆಗಳು 캡션 kapsyen मथळे ਸੁਰਖੀਆਂ napisy подписи தலைப்புகள் శీర్షికలు คำบรรยายภาพ کیپشنز chú thích amazwibela キャプション manukuu maelezo mafupi ఉపశీర్షికలు శీర్షికలు titulkyShow More
Support Ano sensei: Do you want "Ano sensei!" to keep on making videos like this? And get sneak previews, premium content and priority replies to your questions and comments into the bargain? Take out a channel membership (click "Join") or join me on Patreon (https://www.patreon.com/ano_sensei)!
0:00 Introduction
0:10 The basic difference between present perfect simple and continuous
1:30 Stative verbs ("know", "like", "seem", etc.)
2:53 Verbs like "live", "work" and "study"
3:29 The mistake a lot of textbooks make
4:19 Native speaker usage as seen in a Google search
6:04 A better explanation
6:54 "Live" as an activity
7:47 "Live" as an action
8:34 Find out more
8:58 That's all!
Textbook and online explanations of the difference between, for example, "I have lived in Paris" and "I have been living in Paris" are very often incomplete or just plain wrong! This video leads you through the basic uses of the present perfect simple and continuous with action verbs and stative verbs and then goes on to look at verbs like "live", "work" and "study" in detail.
Follow the "Spotlight on English" playlist here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZZvHkDYbNh8&list=PLzVb6yL_jY6-h9u2k0W6ylDih3m0bbPAo
Perfect aspect playlist: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5qOixhRm_J4&list=PLzVb6yL_jY6_x_BlR_i4UjiW6DB1XRPM_
The "Ano sensei!" website: https://educationalhub.org/anosensei/
If your language is not listed in the subtitles, please let me know and I will add it.
© All rights reserved
Translated titles:
ENFOQUE EN INGLÉS: Presente perfecto: HE VIVIDO / ESTADO VIVIENDO. ¡La explicación correcta!
SPOTLIGHT ON ENGLISH: Perfekt präsentieren: Ich habe gelebt / gelebt. Die richtige Erklärung!
PLEINS FEUX SUR L'ANGLAIS: Présent parfait: J'AI VÉCU / ÉTÉ VIVANT. La bonne explication!
EM INGLÊS: Presente perfeito: EU VIVI / ESTOU VIVENDO. A explicação correta!
تسليط الضوء على اللغة الإنجليزية: المضارع التام: لقد عش
聚焦英语:完美的礼物:我过着生活/过着生活。正确的解释!
聚焦英語:完美的禮物:我過著生活/過著生活。正確的解釋!
RIFLETTORI SULL'INGLESE: Presente perfetto: HO VISSUTO / STATO VIVENDO. La spiegazione corretta!
英語のスポットライト:現在完了形:私は生きている/生きている。正しい
ПРОЦЕСС НА АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ: Настоящее время идеально
Subtítulos 字幕 Imibhalo engezansi 字幕 phụ đề سب ٹائٹلز Altyazılar คำบรรยาย ఉపశీర్షికలు வசன வரிகள் Субтитры Legendas Napisy na filmie obcojęzycznym ਉਪਸਿਰਲੇਖ उपशीर्षके Sari kata 자막 ಉಪಶೀರ್ಷಿಕೆಗಳು Sottotitoli Mga Subtitle Subtitles उपशीर्षक સબટાઈટલ Sous-titres زیرنویس Υπότιτλοι Untertitel সাবটাইটেল ترجمات التسميات التوضيحية ক্যাপশন Bildunterschriften λεζάντες زیرنویس ها Mga Caption captions legends કૅપ્શન્સ
कैप्शन keterangan didascalie ಶೀರ್ಷಿಕೆಗಳು 캡션 kapsyen मथळे ਸੁਰਖੀਆਂ napisy подписи தலைப்புகள் శీర్షికలు คำบรรยายภาพ کیپشنز chú thích amazwibela キャプション manukuu maelezo mafupi ఉపశీర్షికలు శీర్షికలు titulkyShow More

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🧑🎓"Gone to" or "been to"? What most textbooks get wrong | ENGLISH IN CONTEXT 👀
Most textbooks teach that if someone has "been to" a place, it means ...
Most textbooks teach that if someone has "been to" a place, it means they went there and came back. It's a neat rule — and it's an oversimplification.
In this video ...I look at the real difference between "gone to" and "been to", and at why the standard textbook explanation misleads learners. "Been to" simply means having the experience of visiting a place at some point in the past. It says nothing about whether the person has returned — or ever will. Anna might be on a world tour, passing through Moscow on her way to Tokyo, and still say she's "been to" Moscow. Her friends might even say it to her while she's standing in Moscow.
The "gone and come back" rule isn't entirely wrong — it describes the most common context. But teaching it as a rule, without qualification, sets learners up for confusion.
What this video covers:
The real meaning of "gone to" and "been to"
Why "been to" does not necessarily mean "gone and come back"
Contexts in which the standard rule breaks down
Why understanding context matters more than memorising rules
I'm John R. Yamamoto-Wilson — formerly Professor of English Literature at Sophia University, Tokyo, with a PhD from the University of Cambridge. These videos are aimed at intermediate learners of English, and at the teachers who work with them. 📌 Part of the English in Context series — intermediate grammar points that textbooks often explain poorly or get wrong. Click here for the complete series: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzVb6yL_jY6_sKngAN_gYB8w-KC20AGP4
© All rights reservedShow More
In this video ...I look at the real difference between "gone to" and "been to", and at why the standard textbook explanation misleads learners. "Been to" simply means having the experience of visiting a place at some point in the past. It says nothing about whether the person has returned — or ever will. Anna might be on a world tour, passing through Moscow on her way to Tokyo, and still say she's "been to" Moscow. Her friends might even say it to her while she's standing in Moscow.
The "gone and come back" rule isn't entirely wrong — it describes the most common context. But teaching it as a rule, without qualification, sets learners up for confusion.
What this video covers:
The real meaning of "gone to" and "been to"
Why "been to" does not necessarily mean "gone and come back"
Contexts in which the standard rule breaks down
Why understanding context matters more than memorising rules
I'm John R. Yamamoto-Wilson — formerly Professor of English Literature at Sophia University, Tokyo, with a PhD from the University of Cambridge. These videos are aimed at intermediate learners of English, and at the teachers who work with them. 📌 Part of the English in Context series — intermediate grammar points that textbooks often explain poorly or get wrong. Click here for the complete series: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzVb6yL_jY6_sKngAN_gYB8w-KC20AGP4
© All rights reservedShow More

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🧑🎓"Have studied" or "have been studying"? Why your textbook may be wrong | ENGLISH IN CONTEXT 👀
"I've studied English all my life" or "I've been studying English all ...
"I've studied English all my life" or "I've been studying English all my life" — does it matter which you use? Your textbook probably says it does. Your textbook is ...probably wrong.
For most verbs, the difference between present perfect simple and continuous is clear enough: the simple form refers to a completed action, the continuous to an activity over a period of time. But there's a group of verbs — live, work, teach, study, speak (a language) — that can function as both stative and action verbs. For this group, the two forms are largely interchangeable in most contexts. The common textbook claim that simple implies completion (or that the activity is about to stop) simply doesn't hold.
In this video I work through the logic carefully: why "I've worked in a factory for twenty years" does not imply you're about to leave, and why "I've been working in a factory for twenty years" adds nothing extra about continuation. For practical purposes, the two mean the same thing — and teaching otherwise misleads learners.
There are some specific contexts where the two forms are not interchangeable. I discuss those in a separate video — click the link below to go straight to that discussion: https://youtu.be/ZZvHkDYbNh8?t=209
What this video covers:
Present perfect simple vs continuous: the general distinction
Stative verbs and why they take the simple form only
The group of verbs (live, work, teach, study, speak) that behave differently
Why "have studied" and "have been studying" are interchangeable in most contexts
Why the "simple = completed" rule breaks down for this group
I'm John R. Yamamoto-Wilson — formerly Professor of English Literature at Sophia University, Tokyo, with a PhD from the University of Cambridge. These videos are aimed at intermediate learners of English, and at the teachers who work with them. 📌 Part of the English in Context series — intermediate grammar points that textbooks often explain poorly or get wrong. Click here for the complete series: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzVb6yL_jY6_sKngAN_gYB8w-KC20AGP4
© All rights reservedShow More
For most verbs, the difference between present perfect simple and continuous is clear enough: the simple form refers to a completed action, the continuous to an activity over a period of time. But there's a group of verbs — live, work, teach, study, speak (a language) — that can function as both stative and action verbs. For this group, the two forms are largely interchangeable in most contexts. The common textbook claim that simple implies completion (or that the activity is about to stop) simply doesn't hold.
In this video I work through the logic carefully: why "I've worked in a factory for twenty years" does not imply you're about to leave, and why "I've been working in a factory for twenty years" adds nothing extra about continuation. For practical purposes, the two mean the same thing — and teaching otherwise misleads learners.
There are some specific contexts where the two forms are not interchangeable. I discuss those in a separate video — click the link below to go straight to that discussion: https://youtu.be/ZZvHkDYbNh8?t=209
What this video covers:
Present perfect simple vs continuous: the general distinction
Stative verbs and why they take the simple form only
The group of verbs (live, work, teach, study, speak) that behave differently
Why "have studied" and "have been studying" are interchangeable in most contexts
Why the "simple = completed" rule breaks down for this group
I'm John R. Yamamoto-Wilson — formerly Professor of English Literature at Sophia University, Tokyo, with a PhD from the University of Cambridge. These videos are aimed at intermediate learners of English, and at the teachers who work with them. 📌 Part of the English in Context series — intermediate grammar points that textbooks often explain poorly or get wrong. Click here for the complete series: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzVb6yL_jY6_sKngAN_gYB8w-KC20AGP4
© All rights reservedShow More

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🧑🎓 Why do we need past perfect? Why not just use the past simple? Ano sensei explains. 👀
The past perfect is often described as being the tense we use when one ...
The past perfect is often described as being the tense we use when one thing happens before something else in the past. But there's more to it than that. Ano ...sensei explains...
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