Introduces mixed conditionals ‚Äî constructions that combine elements from different time frames ‚Äî using the example “If I knew, I would have told you”. Distinguishes this from both the standard second and third conditionals, and connects the topic to backshift in reported speech.
An examination of backshift in reported speech, explaining when it is required and when it is optional. Challenges the common textbook rule that backshift is always necessary.
A grammar series teaching English in context at intermediate level, covering reported speech and backshift, the present perfect, modal verbs, conditionals, the passive voice, and conjunctions, with attention to common errors and descriptive grammar.
An advanced grammar series covering the present perfect and aspect, modal verbs, reported speech and backshift, the passive voice, phrasal and prepositional verbs, gerunds and participles, determiners, and dependent and noun clauses.